Of the 52 extant manuscript copies of Lucretius' "De rerum natura" (On the Nature of Things) available to scholars, all but three contain marginal notes.
Readers commonly wrote notes in the margins of books in order to enhance the understanding of later readers. Books, therefore, were long-term investments expected to be handed down to succeeding generations. Paper was expensive and vellum was much more expensive. In Europe, before the invention of the printing press, books were copied by hand, originally onto vellum and later onto paper. The scholia on classical manuscripts are the earliest known form of marginalia. For this reason, scholars of ancient texts usually try to find as many still existing manuscripts of the texts they are researching, because the notes scribbled in the margin might contain additional clues to the interpretation of these texts. As such, they might give clues to an earlier, more widely known context of the extant form of the underlying text than is currently appreciated. Marginalia may also be of relevance because many ancient or medieval writers of marginalia may have had access to other relevant texts that, although they may have been widely copied at the time, have since then been lost due to wars, prosecution, or censorship. There are some scholia, corrections and other notes usually made later by hand in the margin. Numbers of texts' divisions are given at the margin ( κεφάλαια, Ammonian Sections, Eusebian Canons). They may be scribbles, comments, glosses (annotations), critiques, doodles, drolleries, or illuminations.īiblical manuscripts have liturgical notes at the margin, for liturgical use. Marginalia (or apostils) are marks made in the margins of a book or other document.
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Malacomorphs of a fundamentally different nature from those hitherto observedīy me in illuminated manuscripts. Profuse array of marginalia is that this particular book of hours depicts What is especially interesting in terms of its Volumes the first two are held at the National Library of the Netherlands in The Hague, the third at the J. Completed in 1455, it was subsequently divided into three The Varie Hours is an exceedingly ornate illuminatedīook of hours commissioned by 15 th-Century French court official He is the author of such seminal works as Mystery Cats of the World (1989), The Lost Ark: New and Rediscovered Animals of the 20th Century (1993 greatly expanded in 2012 as The Encyclopaedia of New and Rediscovered Animals), Dragons: A Natural History (1995), In Search of Prehistoric Survivors (1995), The Unexplained (1996), From Flying Toads To Snakes With Wings (1997), Mysteries of Planet Earth (1999), The Hidden Powers of Animals (2001), The Beasts That Hide From Man (2003), Extraordinary Animals Revisited (2007), Dr Shuker's Casebook (2008), Karl Shuker's Alien Zoo: From the Pages of Fortean Times (2010), Cats of Magic, Mythology, and Mystery (2012), Mirabilis: A Carnival of Cryptozoology and Unnatural History (2013), Dragons in Zoology, Cryptozoology, and Culture (2013), The Menagerie of Marvels (2014), A Manif estation of Monsters (2015), Here's Nessie! (2016), and what is widely considered to be his cryptozoological magnum opus, Still In Search Of Prehistoric Survivors (2016) - plus, very excitingly, his first two long-awaited, much-requested ShukerNature blog books (2019, 2020). Zoologist, media consultant, and science writer, Dr Karl Shuker is also one of the best known cryptozoologists in the world.
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